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Patricia Crone (March 28, 1945July 11, 2015) was a Danish-American author, scholar, orientalist, and historian, specializing in early Islamic history.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Library of Congress Authorities )〕 She worked from 1997 until her retirement in 2014 at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, New Jersey. ==Career== Crone was born in Kyndeløse, Roskilde, Denmark, on March 28, 1945.〔(Obituary ), nytimes.com; accessed July 23, 2015.〕 After taking the ''forprøve'', or preliminary exam, at Copenhagen University, she went to Paris to learn French, and then to London where she determined to get into a university to become fluent in English. In 1974 she earned her PhD at the University of London, where she was a Senior Research Fellow at the Warburg Institute until 1977. She was accepted as an occasional student at Kings College London and followed a course in medieval European history, especially church-state relations. In 1977, Crone became a University Lecturer in Islamic history and a Fellow of Jesus College at Oxford University. Crone became Assistant University Lecturer in Islamic studies and Fellow of Gonville and Caius College at Cambridge University in 1990 and held several positions at Cambridge.〔; "Dr. Crone, who is presently at Cambridge University, will be in residence at the Institute as of the beginning of the fall term in September 1997".〕 She served as University Lecturer in Islamic studies from 1992 to 1994, and as Reader in Islamic history from 1994-97. In 1997, she was appointed to the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, where she was named as Andrew W. Mellon Professor. From 2002 until her death in 2015, she was a member of the Editorial Board of the journal ''Social Evolution & History''.〔(''Social Evolution & History'' website ); accessed July 17, 2015.〕 In their book ''Hagarism: The Making of the Islamic World'' (1977), Crone and her associate Michael Cook, working at The School of Oriental Studies, London at the time, provided a new analysis of early Islamic history by studying the only surviving contemporary accounts of the rise of Islam, which were written in Armenian, Greek, Aramaic and Syriac by witnesses. By using non-Arabic sources, they could study more of the context for the rise of Islam. They argued that Islam, as represented by contemporary, non-Muslim sources, was in essence a tribal rebellion against incursions by the Byzantine and Persian empires. They noted that it had deep roots in Judaism, and that Arabs and Jews were allies in these conquering communities. In her book ''Meccan Trade and the Rise of Islam'' (1987), Crone argued that the importance of the pre-Islamic Meccan trade has been grossly exaggerated. She also suggested that while Muhammad never traveled much beyond the Hijaz, internal evidence in the Qur'an, such as its description of Muhammad's polytheist opponents as "olive growers", might indicate that the events surrounding the Prophet took place near the Mediterranean region.〔 Beginning as a scholar of early military and economic history of the Middle East, Crone's later career focused mainly on "the Qur’an and the cultural and religious traditions of Iraq, Iran, and the formerly Iranian part of Central Asia".〔("Patricia Crone" ), Institute for Advanced Study〕 She died on July 11, 2015, aged 70, from cancer.〔(Profile ), opendemocracy.net; accessed July 17, 2015.〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Patricia Crone」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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